---
title: And Little Toomai had been spoken to by Petersen Sahib! — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And Little Toomai had been spoken to by Petersen Sahib! Who acts: Petersen. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/4/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 4

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And Little Toomai had been spoken to by Petersen Sahib!

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**Who acts:** Petersen · **What happens:** speak · **To what, where:** Little · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petersen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:4
# text = And Little Toomai had been spoken to by Petersen Sahib!
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Petersen	Petersen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	Sahib	Sahib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive | Petersen | Little |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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