---
title: Above the noise of the water, as it swirled round the elephant’s leg… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Above the noise of the water, as it swirled round the elephant’s legs, Little Toomai could hear more splashing and some trumpeting both upstream and down--great grunts and angry snortings, and all the mist about him seemed to be full of rolling, wavy shadows. Who acts: noise, Little, mist, water. A 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 44

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above the noise of the water, as it swirled round the elephant’s legs, Little Toomai could hear more splashing and some trumpeting both upstream and down--great grunts and angry snortings, and all the mist about him seemed to be full of rolling, wavy shadows.

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**Who acts:** noise, Little, mist, water · **What happens:** swirl, hear, trumpet, seem, be, roll · **To what, where:** water, legs, more splashing, noise, great grunts, wavy shadows

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (noise, Little, mist, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:44
# text = Above the noise of the water, as it swirled round the elephant’s legs, Little Toomai could hear more splashing and some trumpeting both upstream and down--great grunts and angry snortings, and all the mist about him seemed to be full of rolling, wavy shadows.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	swirled	swirl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
11	round	round	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’s	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
17	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	20	nsubj	_	_
18	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
21	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	amod	_	_
22	splashing	splashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	conj	_	_
25	trumpeting	trumpet	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	acl	_	_
26	both	both	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	grunts	grunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	snortings	snorting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
38	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	40	det:predet	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
41	about	about	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nmod	_	_
43	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
44	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
45	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	cop	_	_
46	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	xcomp	_	_
47	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
48	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	46	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
50	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swirl** | participle · passive | the noise of the water *not said here* | water |  | the elephant's legs |  |  | vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme round leg=Destination |
| 2 | **hear** | could | Little | more splashing |  | the noise of the water |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer splashing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **trumpet** | gerund |  | great grunts and angry snortings |  |  |  | upstream *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **seem** | past | all mist about Kala |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | to-infinitive | all mist about Kala *not said here* |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **roll** | gerund | all mist about Kala *not said here* | wavy shadows |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Agent |
| 7 | **noise** |  | the water |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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