---
title: Little Toomai looked, holding his breath, with his eyes starting out… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Little Toomai looked, holding his breath, with his eyes starting out of his head, and as he looked, more and more and more elephants swung out into the open from between the tree trunks. Who acts: Little Toomai, eyes, Toomai, more elephants. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Ju
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/60/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 60

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Little Toomai looked, holding his breath, with his eyes starting out of his head, and as he looked, more and more and more elephants swung out into the open from between the tree trunks.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Little Toomai, eyes, Toomai, more elephants · **What happens:** look, hold, start out, swing out · **To what, where:** breath, head, open

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Toomai, eyes, Toomai, more elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:60
# text = Little Toomai looked, holding his breath, with his eyes starting out of his head, and as he looked, more and more and more elephants swung out into the open from between the tree trunks.
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	starting	start	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	21	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	28	amod	_	_
28	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
29	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
30	out	out	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	obl	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
35	between	between	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Little Toomai |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | Little Toomai *not said here* | Toomai's breath |  |  |  | with Toomai's eyes | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme |
| 3 | **start out** | gerund | Toomai's eyes *not said here* | Toomai's head |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Eventuality |
| 4 | **look** | past | Toomai |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **swing out** | past | more elephants |  |  | the open |  | from the tree trunks; out *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into open=Source from trunk=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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