---
title: Outside the clearing he could hear them crashing in the undergrowth… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Outside the clearing he could hear them crashing in the undergrowth as they worked their way up the hillside, but as soon as they were within the circle of the tree trunks they moved like ghosts. Who acts: head, fingers. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17, w
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/62/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 62

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Outside the clearing he could hear them crashing in the undergrowth as they worked their way up the hillside, but as soon as they were within the circle of the tree trunks they moved like ghosts.

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**Who acts:** head, fingers · **What happens:** hear, crash, work, be, move · **To what, where:** fingers, undergrowth, way, tree trunks

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head, fingers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:62
# text = Outside the clearing he could hear them crashing in the undergrowth as they worked their way up the hillside, but as soon as they were within the circle of the tree trunks they moved like ghosts.
1	Outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	clearing	clearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	undergrowth	undergrowth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hillside	hillside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
22	as	as	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	29	advmod	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	within	within	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
36	like	like	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | could | head | fingers *= finger* |  |  |  | outside the clearing | tree rules |
| 2 | **crash** | gerund | fingers *= finger* *not said here* |  |  | the undergrowth |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in undergrowth=Location |
| 3 | **work** | past | fingers *= finger* | fingers's way |  |  |  | up the hillside | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent way=Material |
| 4 | **is** | past | fingers *= finger* |  |  |  |  | as the circle; of the tree trunks; soon *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **move** | past | fingers *= finger* | the tree trunks *not said here* |  |  |  | like ghosts | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent trunk=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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