--- title: Once they started and put their ears forward when they heard the chi… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: Once they started and put their ears forward when they heard the chinking of a leg iron in the forest, but it was Pudmini, Petersen Sahib’s pet elephant, her chain snapped short off, grunting, snuffling up the hillside. Who acts: elephants, forest, Pudmini. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/67/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/) / 67 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 67 Once they started and put their ears forward when they heard the chinking of a leg iron in the forest, but it was Pudmini, Petersen Sahib’s pet elephant, her chain snapped short off, grunting, snuffling up the hillside. **Who acts:** elephants, forest, Pudmini · **What happens:** start, put, hear, chink, be, snap · **To what, where:** ears, Pudmini, hillside This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, forest, Pudmini), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:17:67 # text = Once they started and put their ears forward when they heard the chinking of a leg iron in the forest, but it was Pudmini, Petersen Sahib’s pet elephant, her chain snapped short off, grunting, snuffling up the hillside. 1 Once once SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 started start VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 6 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 8 forward forward ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 9 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 chinking chink VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 xcomp _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 leg leg NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 22 but but CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 Pudmini Pudmini PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 Petersen Petersen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 flat _ _ 28 Sahib Sahib PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 29 ’s 's PART POS _ 28 case _ _ 30 pet pet NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 35 snapped snap VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 36 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 xcomp _ _ 37 off off ADP RP _ 36 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 grunting grunt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 35 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 snuffling snuffle VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 conj _ _ 42 up up ADP RP _ 41 compound:prt _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 hillside hillside NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **start** | past | elephants *= elephant* | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **put** | past | elephants *= elephant* *not said here* | elephants's ears | | | | forward *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent ear=Goal | | 3 | **hear** | past | elephants *= elephant* | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **chink** | gerund | elephants *= elephant* *not said here* | | | | | of a leg iron in the forest | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | past | forest | Pudmini and Sahib's chain | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **snap** | past | Pudmini and Sahib's chain | | | | | short *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 7 | **grunt** | gerund | Pudmini and Sahib's chain *not said here* | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **snuffle up** | gerund | Pudmini and Sahib's chain *not said here* | the hillside | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hillside=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 66](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/66/) - next →: [sentence 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/68/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/)