---
title: He heard the click of tusks as they crossed other tusks by accident,… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He heard the click of tusks as they crossed other tusks by accident, and the dry rustle of trunks twined together, and the chafing of enormous sides and shoulders in the crowd, and the incessant flick and hissh of the great tails. Who acts: Little, tusks, trunks. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by R
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 72

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He heard the click of tusks as they crossed other tusks by accident, and the dry rustle of trunks twined together, and the chafing of enormous sides and shoulders in the crowd, and the incessant flick and hissh of the great tails.

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**Who acts:** Little, tusks, trunks · **What happens:** hear, cross, twine, click, rustle, flick · **To what, where:** click, other tusks, dry rustle, crowd, tusks, great tails · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little, tusks, trunks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:72
# text = He heard the click of tusks as they crossed other tusks by accident, and the dry rustle of trunks twined together, and the chafing of enormous sides and shoulders in the crowd, and the incessant flick and hissh of the great tails.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	click	click	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	rustle	rustle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	twined	twine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
22	together	together	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	chafing	chafing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	incessant	incessant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	flick	flick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	hissh	hissh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Little | the click of tusks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | past | tusks *= tusk* | other tusks |  |  |  | by accident | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient |
| 3 | **twine** | participle · passive |  | the dry rustle of trunks |  | the crowd |  | the chafing of enormous sides and shoulders *obl*; together *property* | vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **click** |  |  | tusks |  |  |  |  | nom click «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **rustle** |  | trunks |  |  |  |  |  | nom rustle «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **flick** |  |  | the great tails |  |  |  |  | nom flick «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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