---
title: The new elephants strained at their ropes, and squealed and trumpete… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The new elephants strained at their ropes, and squealed and trumpeted from time to time, and he could hear his mother in the camp hut putting his small brother to sleep with an old, old song about the great God Shiv, who once told all the animals what they should eat. Who acts: new elephants, Little
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new elephants strained at their ropes, and squealed and trumpeted from time to time, and he could hear his mother in the camp hut putting his small brother to sleep with an old, old song about the great God Shiv, who once told all the animals what they should eat.

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**Who acts:** new elephants, Little, camp hut, great God, elephants · **What happens:** strain, squeal, trumpet, hear, put, sleep · **To what, where:** new elephants, ropes, mother, camp hut, small brother, animals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new elephants, Little, camp hut, great God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:8
# text = The new elephants strained at their ropes, and squealed and trumpeted from time to time, and he could hear his mother in the camp hut putting his small brother to sleep with an old, old song about the great God Shiv, who once told all the animals what they should eat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	strained	strain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	squealed	squeal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	trumpeted	trumpet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
28	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
35	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
36	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
38	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
40	about	about	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
44	Shiv	Shiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	48	nsubj	_	_
47	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	48	advmod	_	_
48	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
49	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	51	det:predet	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	iobj	_	_
52	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	55	obj	_	_
53	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	nsubj	_	_
54	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	55	aux	_	_
55	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	51	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strain** | participle |  | the new elephants *not said here* |  | elephants's ropes |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **squeal** | participle | the new elephants |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **trumpet** | participle | the new elephants *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hear** | could | Little | Little's mother |  | the camp hut |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer mother=Stimulus |
| 5 | **put** | gerund | the camp hut *not said here* |  | Little's small brother |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent brother=Goal |
| 6 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | the camp hut *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a old old song about the great God | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the great God |  | all animals |  |  | once *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |
| 8 | **eat** | should | elephants *= elephant* | all animals |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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