---
title: The elephants were stamping all together now, and it sounded like a… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The elephants were stamping all together now, and it sounded like a war drum beaten at the mouth of a cave. Who acts: elephants, dew. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 80

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The elephants were stamping all together now, and it sounded like a war drum beaten at the mouth of a cave.

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**Who acts:** elephants, dew · **What happens:** stamp, sound, beat · **To what, where:** war drum, mouth

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, dew), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:80
# text = The elephants were stamping all together now, and it sounded like a war drum beaten at the mouth of a cave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stamping	stamp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past · progressive | the elephants |  |  |  | now | together *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sound** | past | dew |  |  |  |  | like a war drum | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **beat** | participle |  | a war drum *not said here* |  | the mouth of a cave |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at mouth=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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