---
title: A tree was creaking and groaning somewhere near him. — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: A tree was creaking and groaning somewhere near him. Who acts: tree. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 84

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A tree was creaking and groaning somewhere near him.

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**Who acts:** tree · **What happens:** creak, groan

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:84
# text = A tree was creaking and groaning somewhere near him.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	creaking	creak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	groaning	groan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creak** | past · progressive | a tree |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **groan** | gerund | a tree *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near Toomai; somewhere *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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