---
title: Luckily, I knew enough of beast language--not wild-beast language, b… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Luckily, I knew enough of beast language--not wild-beast language, but camp-beast language, of course--from the natives to know what he was saying. Who acts: I, natives, neck. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/18/104/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 104

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Luckily, I knew enough of beast language--not wild-beast language, but camp-beast language, of course--from the natives to know what he was saying.

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**Who acts:** I, natives, neck · **What happens:** know, say · **To what, where:** enough · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, natives, neck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:18:104
# text = Luckily, I knew enough of beast language--not wild-beast language, but camp-beast language, of course--from the natives to know what he was saying.
1	Luckily	luckily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
30	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	33	obj	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | I | enough |  |  |  | of course; beast language *obl*; luckily *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer enough=Stimulus |
| 2 | **know** | to-infinitive | the natives |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | neck |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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