---
title: There was a regular beat of hoofs in the darkness, and a big troop-h… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: There was a regular beat of hoofs in the darkness, and a big troop-horse cantered up as steadily as though he were on parade, jumped a gun tail, and landed close to the mule. Who acts: beat. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 118

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a regular beat of hoofs in the darkness, and a big troop-horse cantered up as steadily as though he were on parade, jumped a gun tail, and landed close to the mule.

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**Who acts:** beat · **What happens:** canter up, be, land · **To what, where:** big troop horse, parade

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:18:118
# text = There was a regular beat of hoofs in the darkness, and a big troop-horse cantered up as steadily as though he were on parade, jumped a gun tail, and landed close to the mule.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
15	troop	troop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
18	cantered	canter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	as	as	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	steadily	steadily	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
22	as	as	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
23	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	parade	parade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
36	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	35	advmod	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **canter up** | participle |  | a big troop horse *not said here* |  |  |  | steadily *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | beat |  |  | parade |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | jump *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **land** | past |  |  |  |  |  | to the mule; close *property* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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