---
title: I heard a chain dragging along the ground, and a yoke of the great s… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: I heard a chain dragging along the ground, and a yoke of the great sulky white bullocks that drag the heavy siege guns when the elephants won’t go any nearer to the firing, came shouldering along together. Who acts: I, chain, great sulky white bullocks, elephants. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 146

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I heard a chain dragging along the ground, and a yoke of the great sulky white bullocks that drag the heavy siege guns when the elephants won’t go any nearer to the firing, came shouldering along together.

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**Who acts:** I, chain, great sulky white bullocks, elephants, yoke · **What happens:** hear, drag, not go, come, shoulder · **To what, where:** chain, ground, heavy siege guns

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, chain, great sulky white bullocks, elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:18:146
# text = I heard a chain dragging along the ground, and a yoke of the great sulky white bullocks that drag the heavy siege guns when the elephants won’t go any nearer to the firing, came shouldering along together.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	sulky	sulky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	bullocks	bullock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	drag	drag	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	siege	siege	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	guns	gun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
25	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
28	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
31	any	any	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	30	xcomp	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	firing	firing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
37	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
38	shouldering	shoulder	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	37	advcl	_	_
39	along	along	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
40	together	together	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | I | a chain |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer chain=Stimulus |
| 2 | **drag** | gerund | a chain *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along ground=Location |
| 3 | **drag** | present | the great sulky white bullocks | the heavy siege guns |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **go** | future | the elephants |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **come** | past | a yoke of the great sulky white bullocks |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **shoulder** | gerund | a yoke of the great sulky white bullocks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | along, together *property* | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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