---
title: Little Toomai lay back and slept all through the long afternoon and… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Little Toomai lay back and slept all through the long afternoon and into the twilight, and while he slept Petersen Sahib and Machua Appa followed the track of the two elephants for fifteen miles across the hills. Who acts: Little Toomai, Toomai. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Th
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Little Toomai lay back and slept all through the long afternoon and into the twilight, and while he slept Petersen Sahib and Machua Appa followed the track of the two elephants for fifteen miles across the hills.

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**Who acts:** Little Toomai, Toomai · **What happens:** lie back, sleep, follow · **To what, where:** Petersen, track, hills

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Toomai, Toomai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:18:21
# text = Little Toomai lay back and slept all through the long afternoon and into the twilight, and while he slept Petersen Sahib and Machua Appa followed the track of the two elephants for fifteen miles across the hills.
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
18	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
21	Petersen	Petersen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	Sahib	Sahib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Machua	Machua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	Appa	Appa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
26	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
36	across	across	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie back** | past | Little Toomai |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sleep** | past | Little Toomai *not said here* |  |  |  | afternoon |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sleep** | past | Toomai | Petersen and Machua |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent petersen=Theme |
| 4 | **follow** | past | Little Toomai *not said here* | the track of the two elephants |  | the hills |  | for fifteen miles | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent track=Theme across hill=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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