---
title: What never man has seen he has seen through the long night, and the… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: What never man has seen he has seen through the long night, and the favor of the elephant-folk and of the Gods of the Jungles is with him. Who acts: man, grandfather, favor. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 40

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What never man has seen he has seen through the long night, and the favor of the elephant-folk and of the Gods of the Jungles is with him.

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**Who acts:** man, grandfather, favor · **What happens:** not see, see, be, favor · **To what, where:** elephant folk

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, grandfather, favor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:18:40
# text = What never man has seen he has seen through the long night, and the favor of the elephant-folk and of the Gods of the Jungles is with him.
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	favor	favor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Gods	God	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Jungles	Jungle	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **see** | present · perfect | grandfather |  |  |  | night |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | the favor of the elephant folk of the Gods of the Jungles |  |  |  |  | with grandfather | tree rules |
| 4 | **favor** |  |  | the elephant folk of the Gods of the Jungles |  |  |  |  | nom favor «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/18/)