---
title: The gun-bullocks lay down together and began chewing the cud, but th… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The gun-bullocks lay down together and began chewing the cud, but the young mule huddled close to Billy. Who acts: gun bullocks, young mule. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 19, sentence 5

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The gun-bullocks lay down together and began chewing the cud, but the young mule huddled close to Billy.

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**Who acts:** gun bullocks, young mule · **What happens:** lay down, begin, chew, huddle · **To what, where:** cud

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gun bullocks, young mule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:19:5
# text = The gun-bullocks lay down together and began chewing the cud, but the young mule huddled close to Billy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	bullocks	bullock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cud	cud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	huddled	huddle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
19	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Billy	Billy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | present | the gun bullocks |  |  |  |  | down, together *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the gun bullocks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **chew** | gerund | the gun bullocks *not said here* | the cud |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient |
| 4 | **huddle** | participle | the young mule |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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