---
title: The cubs were out, but Mother Wolf, at the back of the cave, knew by… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The cubs were out, but Mother Wolf, at the back of the cave, knew by his breathing that something was troubling her frog. Who acts: cubs, Mother Wolf, something, cub. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/145/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 2, sentence 145

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cubs were out, but Mother Wolf, at the back of the cave, knew by his breathing that something was troubling her frog.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cubs, Mother Wolf, something, cub · **What happens:** be out, know, trouble, breathe · **To what, where:** frog

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cubs, Mother Wolf, something, cub), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:2:145
# text = The cubs were out, but Mother Wolf, at the back of the cave, knew by his breathing that something was troubling her frog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
7	Mother	Mother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
17	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	troubling	trouble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	acl	_	_
25	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be out** | past | the cubs |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | past | Mother Wolf |  |  |  |  | by cub's breathing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **trouble** | past · progressive | something | mist's frog |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus frog=Experiencer |
| 4 | **breathe** |  | cub |  |  |  |  |  | nom breathing «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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