---
title: Shere Khan was always crossing his path in the jungle, for as Akela… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Shere Khan was always crossing his path in the jungle, for as Akela grew older and feebler the lame tiger had come to be great friends with the younger wolves of the Pack, who followed him for scraps, a thing Akela would never have allowed if he had dared to push his authority to the proper bounds. 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 2, sentence 70

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Shere Khan was always crossing his path in the jungle, for as Akela grew older and feebler the lame tiger had come to be great friends with the younger wolves of the Pack, who followed him for scraps, a thing Akela would never have allowed if he had dared to push his authority to the proper bounds.

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**Who acts:** Shere, Akela, lame tiger, Pack, thing · **What happens:** cross, grow, come, be, follow, not allow · **To what, where:** path, great friends, Shere, Akela, authority, proper bounds

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shere, Akela, lame tiger, Pack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:2:70
# text = Shere Khan was always crossing his path in the jungle, for as Akela grew older and feebler the lame tiger had come to be great friends with the younger wolves of the Pack, who followed him for scraps, a thing Akela would never have allowed if he had dared to push his authority to the proper bounds.
1	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	feebler	feeble	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	lame	lame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	parataxis	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	cop	_	_
26	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	xcomp	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	31	amod	_	_
31	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Pack	Pack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
37	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	for	for	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	scraps	scrap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
44	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
46	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	48	advmod	_	_
47	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	aux	_	_
48	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	43	acl:relcl	_	_
49	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
51	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	dared	dare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	xcomp	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	xcomp	_	_
55	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
56	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	_
57	to	to	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
59	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	60	amod	_	_
60	bounds	bound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past · progressive | Shere | Shere's path |  |  |  | in the jungle; always *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent path=Patient in jungle=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | past | Akela |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past · perfect | the lame tiger |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive | the lame tiger *not said here* | great friends |  |  |  | with the younger wolves of the Pack | tree rules |
| 5 | **follow** | past | the Pack | Shere |  |  |  | for scraps | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent he=Theme for scrap=Attribute |
| 6 | **not** **allow** | would · perfect · passive | a thing *not said here* | Akela |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **dare** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | Akela |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **push** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Akela *not said here* | Shere's authority |  | the proper bounds |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent authority=Theme to bound=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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