--- title: Perhaps Ikki the Porcupine had told him; but he said to Mowgli when… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: Perhaps Ikki the Porcupine had told him; but he said to Mowgli when they were deep in the jungle, as the boy lay with his head on Bagheera’s beautiful black skin, “Little Brother, how often have I told thee that Shere Khan is thy enemy?” Who acts: Ikki, wolves, boy, Shere. A sentence of «The Jungle --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/78/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/) / 78 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 2, sentence 78 Perhaps Ikki the Porcupine had told him; but he said to Mowgli when they were deep in the jungle, as the boy lay with his head on Bagheera’s beautiful black skin, “Little Brother, how often have I told thee that Shere Khan is thy enemy?” **Who acts:** Ikki, wolves, boy, Shere · **What happens:** tell, say, be, lie · **To what, where:** Ikki, Porcupine, Mowgli, jungle, beautiful black skin, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ikki, wolves, boy, Shere), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:2:78 # text = Perhaps Ikki the Porcupine had told him; but he said to Mowgli when they were deep in the jungle, as the boy lay with his head on Bagheera’s beautiful black skin, “Little Brother, how often have I told thee that Shere Khan is thy enemy?” 1 Perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 2 Ikki Ikki PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Porcupine Porcupine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 5 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 iobj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ; ; PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 9 but but CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Mowgli Mowgli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 17 advmod _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 deep deep ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 jungle jungle NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 as as SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 lay lie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 30 Bagheera Bagheera PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 31 ’s 's PART POS _ 30 case _ _ 32 beautiful beautiful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 33 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 36 “ " PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 Little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 Brother Brother PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 41 advmod _ _ 41 often often ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 42 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 43 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 conj _ _ 45 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 44 iobj _ _ 46 that that SCONJ IN _ 51 mark _ _ 47 Shere Shere PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ _ 48 Khan Khan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 flat _ _ 49 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 50 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 51 nmod:poss _ _ 51 enemy enemy NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 52 ? ? PUNCT . _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 ” " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive | | Ikki | Porcupine | | | perhaps *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic | | 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Ikki | | Mowgli | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to mowgli=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | past | wolves *= wolf* | | | the jungle | | deep *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **lie** | past | the boy | | | Bagheera's beautiful black skin | | with boy's head | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on skin=Location | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present · perfect | Ikki | | thee | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient | | 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Shere | thy enemy | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 77](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/77/) - next →: [sentence 79](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/79/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/)