---
title: I gave a cheer all by myself for Billy the mule, but he never looked… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: I gave a cheer all by myself for Billy the mule, but he never looked right or left. Who acts: I, mule. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/150/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/) / 150

# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 20, sentence 150

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I gave a cheer all by myself for Billy the mule, but he never looked right or left.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, mule · **What happens:** give, not look, leave · **To what, where:** cheer

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, mule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:20:150
# text = I gave a cheer all by myself for Billy the mule, but he never looked right or left.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Billy	Billy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | I | a cheer |  |  |  | by myself; for Billy | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent cheer=Theme for billy=Asset |
| 2 | **not** **look** | past | mule |  |  |  |  | right *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **leave** | participle | mule *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 149](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/149/)
- next →: [sentence 151](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/151/)
- ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/)