---
title: The fire was burning furiously at the end of the branch, and Mowgli… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The fire was burning furiously at the end of the branch, and Mowgli struck right and left round the circle, and the wolves ran howling with the sparks burning their fur. Who acts: fire, Mowgli, wolves, sparks. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3, with its depe
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 3, sentence 148

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire was burning furiously at the end of the branch, and Mowgli struck right and left round the circle, and the wolves ran howling with the sparks burning their fur.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fire, Mowgli, wolves, sparks · **What happens:** burn, strike, leave, run, howl · **To what, where:** end, circle, fur

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire, Mowgli, wolves, sparks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:3:148
# text = The fire was burning furiously at the end of the branch, and Mowgli struck right and left round the circle, and the wolves ran howling with the sparks burning their fur.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	furiously	furiously	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
19	round	round	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
27	howling	howl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	xcomp	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	acl	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past · progressive | the fire |  |  |  | at the end of the branch | furiously *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at end=Location |
| 2 | **strike** | past | Mowgli |  |  |  |  | right *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 3 | **leave** | participle | Mowgli *not said here* |  |  | the circle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme round circle=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **run** | past | the wolves |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **howl** | gerund | the wolves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the sparks | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with spark=Theme |
| 6 | **burn** | gerund | the sparks *not said here* | wolves's fur |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fur=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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