---
title: Akela the Lone Wolf lay by the side of his rock as a sign that the l… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Akela the Lone Wolf lay by the side of his rock as a sign that the leadership of the Pack was open, and Shere Khan with his following of scrap-fed wolves walked to and fro openly being flattered. Who acts: Akela, leadership, Shere Khan. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 3, sentence 38

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Akela the Lone Wolf lay by the side of his rock as a sign that the leadership of the Pack was open, and Shere Khan with his following of scrap-fed wolves walked to and fro openly being flattered.

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**Who acts:** Akela, leadership, Shere Khan · **What happens:** lie, be, follow, feed, walk, fro · **To what, where:** sign

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Akela, leadership, Shere Khan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:3:38
# text = Akela the Lone Wolf lay by the side of his rock as a sign that the leadership of the Pack was open, and Shere Khan with his following of scrap-fed wolves walked to and fro openly being flattered.
1	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Lone	Lone	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	leadership	leadership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Pack	Pack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Gender=Masc|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	35	advcl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	scrap	scrap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
34	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
35	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	conj	_	_
39	openly	openly	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	flattered	flatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | Akela |  |  |  |  | by the side of Akela's rock; as a sign | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by side=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | the leadership of the Pack | a sign *not said here* |  |  |  | open *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund | Shere Khan |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **feed** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **walk** | past |  |  |  |  |  | of fed wolves | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of wolf=Trajectory |
| 6 | **fro** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **flatter** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  | openly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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