---
title: When they were all gathered together, Shere Khan began to speak--a t… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When they were all gathered together, Shere Khan began to speak--a thing he would never have dared to do when Akela was in his prime. Who acts: Shere, Akela. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 3, sentence 40

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When they were all gathered together, Shere Khan began to speak--a thing he would never have dared to do when Akela was in his prime.

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**Who acts:** Shere, Akela · **What happens:** gather, begin, speak, not dare, not do, be · **To what, where:** knees, thing, prime · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shere, Akela), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:3:40
# text = When they were all gathered together, Shere Khan began to speak--a thing he would never have dared to do when Akela was in his prime.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
8	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
17	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	dared	dare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	acl:relcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
24	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	prime	prime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past · passive |  | knees *= knee* |  |  |  | all, together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Shere |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | Shere *not said here* | a thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **dare** | would · perfect | Shere | a thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **do** | to-infinitive | Shere *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | past | Akela |  |  | Akela's prime |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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