---
title: It is certain that I must die, and my life is of no worth, or I woul… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It is certain that I must die, and my life is of no worth, or I would offer that in the man-cub’s place. Who acts: child, I, life. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 3, sentence 99

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It is certain that I must die, and my life is of no worth, or I would offer that in the man-cub’s place.

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**Who acts:** child, I, life · **What happens:** be, die, offer

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (child, I, life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:3:99
# text = It is certain that I must die, and my life is of no worth, or I would offer that in the man-cub’s place.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
15	worth	worth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	cub	cub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	’s	's	PART	POS	_	26	case	_	_
28	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | child |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | must | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **is** | present | my life |  |  |  |  | of no worth | tree rules |
| 4 | **offer** | would | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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