---
title: They belonged to the tree-tops, and as beasts very seldom look up, t… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They belonged to the tree-tops, and as beasts very seldom look up, there was no occasion for the monkeys and the Jungle-People to cross each other’s path. Who acts: monkeys, occasion. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 4, sentence 118

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They belonged to the tree-tops, and as beasts very seldom look up, there was no occasion for the monkeys and the Jungle-People to cross each other’s path.

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**Who acts:** monkeys, occasion · **What happens:** belong, look up, be, cross · **To what, where:** path

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkeys, occasion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:4:118
# text = They belonged to the tree-tops, and as beasts very seldom look up, there was no occasion for the monkeys and the Jungle-People to cross each other’s path.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	seldom	seldom	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	18	expl	_	_
18	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
19	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	20	det	_	_
20	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	Jungle	Jungle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	acl	_	_
31	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
32	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | past | monkeys *= monkey* |  |  |  |  | to the tree tops | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look up** | infinitive | monkeys *= monkey* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as beasts; seldom *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **be** | past | no occasion for the monkeys and the Jungle People |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cross** | to-infinitive | no occasion for the monkeys and the Jungle People *not said here* | each other's path |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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