---
title: They were always just going to have a leader, and laws and customs o… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They were always just going to have a leader, and laws and customs of their own, but they never did, because their memories would not hold over from day to day, and so they compromised things by making up a saying, “What the Bandar-log think now the jungle will think later,” and that comforted them 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 4, sentence 121

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were always just going to have a leader, and laws and customs of their own, but they never did, because their memories would not hold over from day to day, and so they compromised things by making up a saying, “What the Bandar-log think now the jungle will think later,” and that comforted them a great deal.

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**Who acts:** monkeys, laws, memories, Bandar log, jungle, that · **What happens:** go, have, not do, not hold over, compromise, make up · **To what, where:** leader, things, saying, monkeys · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkeys, laws, memories, Bandar log), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:4:121
# text = They were always just going to have a leader, and laws and customs of their own, but they never did, because their memories would not hold over from day to day, and so they compromised things by making up a saying, “What the Bandar-log think now the jungle will think later,” and that comforted them a great deal.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
12	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	memories	memory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
27	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	parataxis	_	_
30	over	over	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	so	so	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
38	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
39	compromised	compromise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	parataxis	_	_
40	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	_
41	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
42	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	39	advcl	_	_
43	up	up	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
47	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	53	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	53	obj	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
50	Bandar	Bandar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	52	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nsubj	_	_
53	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	conj	_	_
54	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	58	advmod	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nsubj	_	_
57	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	ccomp	_	_
59	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	58	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	58	punct	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
63	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	64	nsubj	_	_
64	comforted	comfort	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	58	conj	_	_
65	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	64	obj	_	_
66	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
67	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	68	amod	_	_
68	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · progressive | monkeys *= monkey* |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | monkeys *= monkey* *not said here* | a leader |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **do** | past | laws and customs of monkeys's own |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **hold over** | would | monkeys's memories |  |  |  | day | over *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **compromise** | past | monkeys *= monkey* | things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **make up** | gerund | monkeys *= monkey* *not said here* | a saying |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme saying=Pivot |
| 7 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | the Bandar log |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent what=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 8 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | future | the jungle |  |  |  | now | late *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **comfort** | past | that | monkeys *= monkey* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer deal=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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