---
title: They have no speech of their own, but use the stolen words which the… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They have no speech of their own, but use the stolen words which they overhear when they listen, and peep, and wait up above in the branches. Who acts: People. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 4, sentence 96

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have no speech of their own, but use the stolen words which they overhear when they listen, and peep, and wait up above in the branches.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** People · **What happens:** have, use, steal, overhear, listen, wait up · **To what, where:** speech, stolen words, branches

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:4:96
# text = They have no speech of their own, but use the stolen words which they overhear when they listen, and peep, and wait up above in the branches.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	overhear	overhear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	listen	listen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	peep	peep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	above	above	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | People | no speech of People's own |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | present | People *not said here* | the stolen words |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 3 | **steal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **overhear** | present | People | the stolen words |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 5 | **listen** | present | People |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **wait up** | infinitive | People *not said here* |  |  | the branches |  | above *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in branch=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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