---
title: Mowgli had never seen an Indian city before, and though this was alm… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Mowgli had never seen an Indian city before, and though this was almost a heap of ruins it seemed very wonderful and splendid. Who acts: Mowgli, this, heap. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/191/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 5, sentence 191

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Mowgli had never seen an Indian city before, and though this was almost a heap of ruins it seemed very wonderful and splendid.

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**Who acts:** Mowgli, this, heap · **What happens:** not see, be, seem · **To what, where:** Indian city, heap

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli, this, heap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:5:191
# text = Mowgli had never seen an Indian city before, and though this was almost a heap of ruins it seemed very wonderful and splendid.
1	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
11	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	very	very	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | past · perfect | Mowgli | a Indian city |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer city=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | past | this | a heap |  |  |  | of ruins; almost *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **seem** | past | a heap |  |  |  |  | wonderful *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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