--- title: It was useless to look down, for he could only see the topsides of t… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: It was useless to look down, for he could only see the topsides of the branches, so he stared upward and saw, far away in the blue, Rann the Kite balancing and wheeling as he kept watch over the jungle waiting for things to die. Who acts: It, Bagheera, Kite balancing, jungle. A sentence of «The Jung --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/) / 4 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 5, sentence 4 It was useless to look down, for he could only see the topsides of the branches, so he stared upward and saw, far away in the blue, Rann the Kite balancing and wheeling as he kept watch over the jungle waiting for things to die. **Who acts:** It, Bagheera, Kite balancing, jungle · **What happens:** be, look down, see, stare, wheel, keep · **To what, where:** topsides, jungle This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, Bagheera, Kite balancing, jungle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:5:4 # text = It was useless to look down, for he could only see the topsides of the branches, so he stared upward and saw, far away in the blue, Rann the Kite balancing and wheeling as he kept watch over the jungle waiting for things to die. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 useless useless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 down down ADP RP _ 5 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 for for SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 10 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 only only ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 topsides topside NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 branches branch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 20 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 stared stare VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 22 upward upward ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 27 advmod _ _ 27 away away ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 Rann Rann PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 Kite Kite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 balancing balancing NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 appos _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 wheeling wheel VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 acl _ _ 38 as as SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 advcl _ _ 41 watch watch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 xcomp _ _ 42 over over ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 jungle jungle NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 45 waiting wait VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 44 acl _ _ 46 for for ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obl _ _ 48 to to PART TO _ 49 mark _ _ 49 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 47 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | It | | | | | Rann *obl*; useless *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **look down** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **see** | could | Bagheera | the topsides of the branches | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer topside=Stimulus | | 4 | **stare** | past | Bagheera | | | | | upward *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **see** | past | Bagheera *not said here* | | | | | away *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **wheel** | gerund | the Kite balancing *not said here* | | | | | | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **keep** | past | Bagheera | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **watch** | infinitive | Bagheera *not said here* | | | the jungle | | | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over jungle=Location | | 9 | **wait** | gerund | the jungle *not said here* | | | | | for things | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **die** | to-infinitive | the jungle *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/3/) - next →: [sentence 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/5/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/)