---
title: A great roofless palace crowned the hill, and the marble of the cour… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: A great roofless palace crowned the hill, and the marble of the courtyards and the fountains was split, and stained with red and green, and the very cobblestones in the courtyard where the king’s elephants used to live had been thrust up and apart by grasses and young trees. Who acts: great roofless
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 6, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A great roofless palace crowned the hill, and the marble of the courtyards and the fountains was split, and stained with red and green, and the very cobblestones in the courtyard where the king’s elephants used to live had been thrust up and apart by grasses and young trees.

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**Who acts:** great roofless palace, elephants, cobblestones · **What happens:** crown, split, stain, use, live, be · **To what, where:** hill, marble, thrust

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great roofless palace, elephants, cobblestones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:6:1
# text = A great roofless palace crowned the hill, and the marble of the courtyards and the fountains was split, and stained with red and green, and the very cobblestones in the courtyard where the king’s elephants used to live had been thrust up and apart by grasses and young trees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	roofless	roofless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	crowned	crown	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	marble	marble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	courtyards	courtyard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	split	split	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	stained	stain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	very	very	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	cobblestones	cobblestone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	40	advmod	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	’s	's	PART	POS	_	37	case	_	_
39	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj	_	_
40	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	xcomp	_	_
43	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
44	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	45	cop	_	_
45	thrust	thrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
46	up	up	ADP	RP	_	45	compound	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	46	conj	_	_
49	by	by	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	grasses	grass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
52	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crown** | past | a great roofless palace | the hill |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Theme |
| 2 | **split** | past · passive |  | the marble of the courtyards and the fountains |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **stain** | past | a great roofless palace *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with red | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with red=Theme |
| 4 | **use** | past | the king's elephants |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **live** | to-infinitive | the king's elephants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | past · perfect | the cobblestones in the courtyard | thrust |  |  |  | by grasses and young trees | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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