---
title: The valley opened out into a great plain dotted over with rocks and… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The valley opened out into a great plain dotted over with rocks and cut up by ravines. Who acts: valley. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 7, sentence 143

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The valley opened out into a great plain dotted over with rocks and cut up by ravines.

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**Who acts:** valley · **What happens:** open out, dot over, cut up · **To what, where:** great plain

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valley), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:7:143
# text = The valley opened out into a great plain dotted over with rocks and cut up by ravines.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	dotted	dot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	over	over	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	ravines	ravine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open out** | past | the valley |  |  | a great plain |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into plain=Recipient |
| 2 | **dot over** | participle |  | a great plain *not said here* |  |  |  | with rocks; over *property* | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with rock=Theme |
| 3 | **cut up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by ravines | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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