---
title: “True, but he has cost us heavily in time which might have been spen… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “True, but he has cost us heavily in time which might have been spent in good hunting, in wounds, in hair--I am half plucked along my back--and last of all, in honor. Who acts: Baloo. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 7, sentence 88

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“True, but he has cost us heavily in time which might have been spent in good hunting, in wounds, in hair--I am half plucked along my back--and last of all, in honor.

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**Who acts:** Baloo · **What happens:** cost, spend, pluck · **To what, where:** us, wounds, time, good hunting, Baloo

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Baloo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:7:88
# text = “True, but he has cost us heavily in time which might have been spent in good hunting, in wounds, in hair--I am half plucked along my back--and last of all, in honor.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	cost	cost	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
29	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	30	advmod	_	_
30	plucked	pluck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
31	along	along	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	honor	honor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Baloo |  | us | wounds and hair | time | heavily *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme we=Value |
| 2 | **spend** *in a quote* | might · perfect · passive |  | time |  | good hunting |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 3 | **pluck** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | Baloo |  |  |  | along my back; half *property* | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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