---
title: It was not for fun that he had learned while he was with the wolves… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It was not for fun that he had learned while he was with the wolves to imitate the challenge of bucks in the jungle and the grunt of the little wild pig. Who acts: It, he, little wild pig. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 1

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It was not for fun that he had learned while he was with the wolves to imitate the challenge of bucks in the jungle and the grunt of the little wild pig.

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**Who acts:** It, he, little wild pig · **What happens:** not be, learn, be, imitate, challenge, grunt · **To what, where:** fun, challenge, jungle, bucks

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, he, little wild pig), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:1
# text = It was not for fun that he had learned while he was with the wolves to imitate the challenge of bucks in the jungle and the grunt of the little wild pig.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	imitate	imitate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	challenge	challenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	bucks	buck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	grunt	grunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
31	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | for fun | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | past · perfect | he | fun *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fun=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | with the wolves | tree rules |
| 4 | **imitate** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | the challenge of bucks |  | the jungle and the grunt of the little wild pig |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent challenge=Theme |
| 5 | **challenge** |  |  | bucks |  |  |  |  | nom challenge «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **grunt** |  | the little wild pig |  |  |  |  |  | nom grunt «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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