---
title: “Has he eaten today, or does he hunt empty?” said Mowgli, for the an… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Has he eaten today, or does he hunt empty?” said Mowgli, for the answer meant life and death to him. Who acts: Shere, Mowgli, answer. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 104

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“Has he eaten today, or does he hunt empty?” said Mowgli, for the answer meant life and death to him.

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**Who acts:** Shere, Mowgli, answer · **What happens:** eat, hunt, say, mean · **To what, where:** life, Shere · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shere, Mowgli, answer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:104
# text = “Has he eaten today, or does he hunt empty?” said Mowgli, for the answer meant life and death to him.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hunt	hunt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
21	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Shere |  |  |  | today |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hunt** *in a quote* | present · do-support | Shere |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Mowgli |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **mean** | past | the answer | life and death | Shere |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot life=Theme to he=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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