---
title: “He swam far down the Waingunga to cut that off,” said Gray Brother. — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “He swam far down the Waingunga to cut that off,” said Gray Brother. Who acts: Mowgli, Gray Brother. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 115

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“He swam far down the Waingunga to cut that off,” said Gray Brother.

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**Who acts:** Mowgli, Gray Brother · **What happens:** swim, cut off, say · **To what, where:** Waingunga, that · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli, Gray Brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:115
# text = “He swam far down the Waingunga to cut that off,” said Gray Brother.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
4	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Waingunga	Waingunga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	obj	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	Gray	Gray	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	amod	_	_
16	Brother	Brother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** *in a quote* | past | Mowgli |  |  | the Waingunga |  | far *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down waingunga=Trajectory |
| 2 | **cut off** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Mowgli *not said here* | that |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector that=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gray Brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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