---
title: The monkeys sat and talked in the upper branches, and there was a ho… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The monkeys sat and talked in the upper branches, and there was a hole under the platform where a cobra lived, and he had his little platter of milk every night because he was sacred; and the old men sat around the tree and talked, and pulled at the big huqas (the water-pipes) till far into the nigh
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 41

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monkeys sat and talked in the upper branches, and there was a hole under the platform where a cobra lived, and he had his little platter of milk every night because he was sacred; and the old men sat around the tree and talked, and pulled at the big huqas (the water-pipes) till far into the night.

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**Who acts:** monkeys, hole, cobra, old men, big huqas · **What happens:** sit, talk, be, live, have, pull · **To what, where:** upper branches, little platter, tree

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkeys, hole, cobra, old men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:41
# text = The monkeys sat and talked in the upper branches, and there was a hole under the platform where a cobra lived, and he had his little platter of milk every night because he was sacred; and the old men sat around the tree and talked, and pulled at the big huqas (the water-pipes) till far into the night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
16	under	under	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	platform	platform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	22	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cobra	cobra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
28	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	platter	platter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	33	det	_	_
33	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl:unmarked	_	_
34	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
43	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
44	around	around	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
52	at	at	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	huqas	huqa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	nsubj	_	_
56	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
58	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	60	punct	_	_
62	till	till	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	parataxis	_	_
63	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	62	advmod	_	_
64	into	into	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
66	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the monkeys |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | past | the monkeys *not said here* |  |  | the upper branches |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **be** | past | a hole under the platform |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **live** | past | a cobra |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **have** | past | cobra | cobra's little platter of milk |  |  | night |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent platter=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | past | hole |  |  |  |  | sacred *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **sit** | past | the old men |  |  | the tree |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around tree=Location |
| 8 | **talk** | past | the old men *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **pull** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **till** | present | the big huqas |  |  |  | night | far *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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