--- title: Mowgli, who naturally knew something about what they were talking of… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: Mowgli, who naturally knew something about what they were talking of, had to cover his face not to show that he was laughing, while Buldeo, the Tower musket across his knees, climbed on from one wonderful story to another, and Mowgli’s shoulders shook. Who acts: Mowgli, deer, Buldeo, shoulders. A se --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/) / 45 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 45 Mowgli, who naturally knew something about what they were talking of, had to cover his face not to show that he was laughing, while Buldeo, the Tower musket across his knees, climbed on from one wonderful story to another, and Mowgli’s shoulders shook. **Who acts:** Mowgli, deer, Buldeo, shoulders · **What happens:** know, talk, have, cover, not show, laugh · **To what, where:** something, face, one wonderful story · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli, deer, Buldeo, shoulders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:8:45 # text = Mowgli, who naturally knew something about what they were talking of, had to cover his face not to show that he was laughing, while Buldeo, the Tower musket across his knees, climbed on from one wonderful story to another, and Mowgli’s shoulders shook. 1 Mowgli Mowgli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 4 naturally naturally ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _ 6 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 5 obj _ _ 7 about about ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 what what PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nmod _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 talking talk VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 14 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 cover cover VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 21 advmod _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ _ 22 that that SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 laughing laugh VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 27 while while SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 28 Buldeo Buldeo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 Tower Tower PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 musket musket NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 appos _ _ 33 across across ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 knees knee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 37 climbed climb VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 38 on on ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 39 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 nummod _ _ 41 wonderful wonderful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 43 to to ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 42 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 47 Mowgli Mowgli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 48 ’s 's PART POS _ 47 case _ _ 49 shoulders shoulder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 nsubj _ _ 50 shook shake VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | past | Mowgli | something | | | | naturally *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus | | 2 | **talk** | past · progressive | deer | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **have** | past | Mowgli | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **cover** | to-infinitive | Mowgli *not said here* | Mowgli's face | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme face=Destination | | 5 | **not** **show** | to-infinitive | Mowgli *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **laugh** | past · progressive | Mowgli | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **climb** | past | Buldeo | | | one wonderful story to another | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from story=Trajectory | | 8 | **shake** | past | Mowgli's shoulders | | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/44/) - next →: [sentence 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/46/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/)