--- title: Buldeo was explaining how the tiger that had carried away Messua’s s… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: Buldeo was explaining how the tiger that had carried away Messua’s son was a ghost-tiger, and his body was inhabited by the ghost of a wicked, old money-lender, who had died some years ago. Who acts: Buldeo, explaining, ghost, wicked old money lender. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/46/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/) / 46 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 46 Buldeo was explaining how the tiger that had carried away Messua’s son was a ghost-tiger, and his body was inhabited by the ghost of a wicked, old money-lender, who had died some years ago. **Who acts:** Buldeo, explaining, ghost, wicked old money lender · **What happens:** explain, carry away, be, inhabit, die, ghost · **To what, where:** tiger, ghost tiger, body, wicked old money lender This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buldeo, explaining, ghost, wicked old money lender), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:8:46 # text = Buldeo was explaining how the tiger that had carried away Messua’s son was a ghost-tiger, and his body was inhabited by the ghost of a wicked, old money-lender, who had died some years ago. 1 Buldeo Buldeo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 explaining explain VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 csubj _ _ 4 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 tiger tiger NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 10 away away ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 11 Messua Messua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ’s 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 14 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 ghost ghost NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 tiger tiger NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 21 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 inhabited inhabit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 parataxis _ _ 25 by by ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 ghost ghost NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 30 wicked wicked ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 32 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 33 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 34 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 lender lender NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 38 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 died die VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 acl _ _ 40 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 41 det _ _ 41 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl:unmarked _ _ 42 ago ago ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | Buldeo | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **carry away** | past · perfect · passive | | the tiger | | | | away *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary son=Value | | 3 | **is a** | past | explaining | a ghost tiger | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **inhabit** | past · passive | the ghost of a wicked old money lender | Buldeo's body | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **die** | past · perfect | a wicked old money lender | | | | | ago *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **ghost** | | | a wicked old money lender | | | | | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/45/) - next →: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/47/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/)