---
title: “That tiger limps because he was born lame, as everyone knows. — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “That tiger limps because he was born lame, as everyone knows. Who acts: tiger, everyone. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 50

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“That tiger limps because he was born lame, as everyone knows.

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**Who acts:** tiger, everyone · **What happens:** limp, bear, know · **To what, where:** tiger

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiger, everyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:50
# text = “That tiger limps because he was born lame, as everyone knows.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	limps	limp	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	lame	lame	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	13	nsubj	_	_
13	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **limp** *in a quote* | present | that tiger |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | tiger |  |  |  | lame *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **know** *in a quote* | present | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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