---
title: The custom of most Indian villages is for a few boys to take the cat… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The custom of most Indian villages is for a few boys to take the cattle and buffaloes out to graze in the early morning, and bring them back at night. Who acts: custom. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 61

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The custom of most Indian villages is for a few boys to take the cattle and buffaloes out to graze in the early morning, and bring them back at night.

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**Who acts:** custom · **What happens:** be, buffalo out, graze, bring back · **To what, where:** cattle

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (custom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:61
# text = The custom of most Indian villages is for a few boys to take the cattle and buffaloes out to graze in the early morning, and bring them back at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
5	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	buffaloes	buffalo	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	graze	graze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	back	back	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the custom of most Indian villages |  |  |  |  | take *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **buffalo out** | present | the custom of most Indian villages *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **graze** | to-infinitive | the custom of most Indian villages *not said here* |  |  |  | morning |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **bring back** | infinitive | the custom of most Indian villages *not said here* | cattle |  |  | night |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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