--- title: He beat the buffaloes with a long, polished bamboo, and told Kamya,… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: He beat the buffaloes with a long, polished bamboo, and told Kamya, one of the boys, to graze the cattle by themselves, while he went on with the buffaloes, and to be very careful not to stray away from the herd. Who acts: Mowgli. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/67/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/) / 67 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 67 He beat the buffaloes with a long, polished bamboo, and told Kamya, one of the boys, to graze the cattle by themselves, while he went on with the buffaloes, and to be very careful not to stray away from the herd. **Who acts:** Mowgli · **What happens:** beat, polish, tell, graze, go on, be · **To what, where:** buffaloes, Kamya, cattle, herd · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:8:67 # text = He beat the buffaloes with a long, polished bamboo, and told Kamya, one of the boys, to graze the cattle by themselves, while he went on with the buffaloes, and to be very careful not to stray away from the herd. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 beat beat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 buffaloes buffalo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 7 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 9 polished polish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 amod _ _ 10 bamboo bamboo NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 14 Kamya Kamya PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 iobj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 appos _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 boys boy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 graze graze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 by by ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 while while SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 29 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 31 on on ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 buffaloes buffalo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 38 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 40 cop _ _ 39 very very ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 careful careful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 41 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 43 advmod _ _ 42 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 43 stray stray VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 advcl _ _ 44 away away ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 45 from from ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **beat** | past | Mowgli | the buffaloes | | | | with a long polished bamboo | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent buffalo=Patient with bamboo=Instrument | | 2 | **polish** | participle | | | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | | | Kamya | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kamya=Recipient | | 4 | **graze** | to-infinitive | | the cattle | | | | by buffaloes *= buffalo* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent cattle=Experiencer by themselves=Theme | | 5 | **go on** | past | Mowgli | | | | | with the buffaloes | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is** | to-infinitive | | | | | | careful *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **stray away** | to-infinitive | | | | the herd | | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from herd=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 66](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/66/) - next →: [sentence 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/68/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/)