---
title: The buffaloes generally keep to the pools and muddy places, where th… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The buffaloes generally keep to the pools and muddy places, where they lie wallowing or basking in the warm mud for hours. Who acts: buffaloes. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 69

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The buffaloes generally keep to the pools and muddy places, where they lie wallowing or basking in the warm mud for hours.

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**Who acts:** buffaloes · **What happens:** keep, lie, wallow, bask · **To what, where:** warm mud

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (buffaloes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:8:69
# text = The buffaloes generally keep to the pools and muddy places, where they lie wallowing or basking in the warm mud for hours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buffaloes	buffalo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	wallowing	wallow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	basking	bask	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | the buffaloes |  |  |  |  | to the pools and muddy places; generally *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie** | present | buffaloes *= buffalo* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wallow** | gerund | buffaloes *= buffalo* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **bask** | gerund | buffaloes *= buffalo* *not said here* |  |  | the warm mud | hour |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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