---
title: They charged down on him, and he ran just before them to the foot of… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They charged down on him, and he ran just before them to the foot of the ravine, as Akela drove the bulls far to the left. Who acts: bulls, Brother, Akela. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 14

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They charged down on him, and he ran just before them to the foot of the ravine, as Akela drove the bulls far to the left.

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**Who acts:** bulls, Brother, Akela · **What happens:** charge down, run, drive · **To what, where:** bulls

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bulls, Brother, Akela), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:14
# text = They charged down on him, and he ran just before them to the foot of the ravine, as Akela drove the bulls far to the left.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bulls	bull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge down** | past | bulls *= bull* |  |  |  |  | on Brother | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on he=Trajectory |
| 2 | **run** | past | Brother |  |  |  | before bulls *= bull* | to the foot of the ravine *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to foot=Result |
| 3 | **drive** | past | Akela | the bulls |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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