---
title: Mowgli laughed a little short ugly laugh, for a stone had hit him in… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Mowgli laughed a little short ugly laugh, for a stone had hit him in the mouth. Who acts: Mowgli. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 152

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Mowgli laughed a little short ugly laugh, for a stone had hit him in the mouth.

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**Who acts:** Mowgli · **What happens:** laugh, hit · **To what, where:** little short ugly laugh, stone, mouth

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:152
# text = Mowgli laughed a little short ugly laugh, for a stone had hit him in the mouth.
1	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | Mowgli | a little short ugly laugh |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laugh=Theme |
| 2 | **hit** | past · perfect · passive |  | a stone |  | the mouth |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient he=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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