---
title: In one, the cow-buffaloes stood with their calves in the center, and… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: In one, the cow-buffaloes stood with their calves in the center, and glared and pawed, ready, if a wolf would only stay still, to charge down and trample the life out of him. Who acts: cow buffaloes, wolf. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9, with its dependen
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 2

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In one, the cow-buffaloes stood with their calves in the center, and glared and pawed, ready, if a wolf would only stay still, to charge down and trample the life out of him.

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**Who acts:** cow buffaloes, wolf · **What happens:** stand, glare, paw, stay, charge down, trample · **To what, where:** center, life

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cow buffaloes, wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:2
# text = In one, the cow-buffaloes stood with their calves in the center, and glared and pawed, ready, if a wolf would only stay still, to charge down and trample the life out of him.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	buffaloes	buffalo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	center	center	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	glared	glare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	pawed	paw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	only	only	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
29	still	still	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	charge	charge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
33	down	down	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	trample	trample	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	out	out	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the cow buffaloes |  |  | the center |  | in one; with buffaloes's calves | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in one=Location |
| 2 | **glare** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **paw** | past |  |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stay** *a condition, not said to happen* | would | a wolf |  |  |  | still |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **charge down** | to-infinitive | a wolf *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **trample** | present | a wolf *not said here* | the life |  |  |  | out him *= he* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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