---
title: Once started, there was no chance of stopping, and before they were… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Once started, there was no chance of stopping, and before they were fairly in the bed of the ravine Rama winded Shere Khan and bellowed. Who acts: chance, steamers, bed. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 51

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Once started, there was no chance of stopping, and before they were fairly in the bed of the ravine Rama winded Shere Khan and bellowed.

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**Who acts:** chance, steamers, bed · **What happens:** start, be, stop, wind, bellow · **To what, where:** bed, Shere

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chance, steamers, bed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:51
# text = Once started, there was no chance of stopping, and before they were fairly in the bed of the ravine Rama winded Shere Khan and bellowed.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
2	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
12	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	Rama	Rama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
23	winded	wind	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
24	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	bellowed	bellow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past |  |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **be** | past | no chance |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | gerund | no chance *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** | past | steamers *= steamer* |  |  | the bed |  | of the ravine; fairly *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **wind** | past | the bed | Shere |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme shere=Result |
| 6 | **bellow** | past | the bed *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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