---
title: “Now thou knowest!” and the torrent of black horns, foaming muzzles,… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Now thou knowest!” and the torrent of black horns, foaming muzzles, and staring eyes whirled down the ravine just as boulders go down in floodtime; the weaker buffaloes being shouldered out to the sides of the ravine where they tore through the creepers. Who acts: thou, black horns, boulders, buffa
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/54/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 54

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“Now thou knowest!” and the torrent of black horns, foaming muzzles, and staring eyes whirled down the ravine just as boulders go down in floodtime; the weaker buffaloes being shouldered out to the sides of the ravine where they tore through the creepers.

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**Who acts:** thou, black horns, boulders, buffaloes · **What happens:** know, foam, stare, whirl down, go down, shoulder out · **To what, where:** muzzles, eyes, weaker buffaloes, creepers

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, black horns, boulders, buffaloes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:54
# text = “Now thou knowest!” and the torrent of black horns, foaming muzzles, and staring eyes whirled down the ravine just as boulders go down in floodtime; the weaker buffaloes being shouldered out to the sides of the ravine where they tore through the creepers.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	torrent	torrent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	foaming	foam	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	muzzles	muzzle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
19	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	whirled	whirl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	xcomp	_	_
21	down	down	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	_
24	just	just	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	boulders	boulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
28	down	down	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	floodtime	floodtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	34	amod	_	_
34	buffaloes	buffalo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	shouldered	shoulder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
37	out	out	ADP	RP	_	36	compound:prt	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
44	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	46	advmod	_	_
45	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	tore	tore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
47	through	through	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	creepers	creeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present | thou |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **foam** | gerund | black horns *not said here* | muzzles |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location muzzle=Theme |
| 3 | **stare** | gerund | thou *not said here* | eyes |  |  |  | the ravine *obl:unmarked* | tree rules |
| 4 | **whirl down** | participle | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **go down** | present | boulders |  |  |  |  | in floodtime; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in floodtime=Attribute |
| 6 | **shoulder out** | gerund · passive |  | the weaker buffaloes |  |  |  | to the sides of the ravine | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 7 | **tore** | past | buffaloes *= buffalo* |  |  | the creepers |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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