---
title: Shere Khan heard the thunder of their hoofs, picked himself up, and… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Shere Khan heard the thunder of their hoofs, picked himself up, and lumbered down the ravine, looking from side to side for some way of escape, but the walls of the ravine were straight and he had to hold on, heavy with his dinner and his drink, willing to do anything rather than fight. Who acts: Sh
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 56

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shere Khan heard the thunder of their hoofs, picked himself up, and lumbered down the ravine, looking from side to side for some way of escape, but the walls of the ravine were straight and he had to hold on, heavy with his dinner and his drink, willing to do anything rather than fight.

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**Who acts:** Shere, walls, hoofs · **What happens:** hear, pick up, lumber, look, be, have · **To what, where:** thunder, Shere, ravine, anything

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shere, walls, hoofs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:56
# text = Shere Khan heard the thunder of their hoofs, picked himself up, and lumbered down the ravine, looking from side to side for some way of escape, but the walls of the ravine were straight and he had to hold on, heavy with his dinner and his drink, willing to do anything rather than fight.
1	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	lumbered	lumber	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
38	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	_
44	on	on	ADP	RP	_	43	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	xcomp	_	_
47	with	with	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
51	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
54	willing	willing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	conj	_	_
55	to	to	PART	TO	_	56	mark	_	_
56	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	54	xcomp	_	_
57	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	56	obj	_	_
58	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	60	cc	_	_
59	than	than	ADP	IN	_	58	fixed	_	_
60	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Shere | the thunder of boulders's hoofs |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus |
| 2 | **pick up** | past |  | Shere |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Topic |
| 3 | **lumber** | participle |  |  |  | the ravine |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down ravine=Trajectory |
| 4 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to side for some way of escape; from side | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from side=Theme |
| 5 | **be** | past | the walls of the ravine |  |  |  |  | straight *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **have** | past | Shere |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **hold on** | to-infinitive | Shere *not said here* |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **do** | to-infinitive | Shere *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality |
| 9 | **fight** | infinitive | Shere *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **thunder** |  | boulders's hoofs |  |  |  |  |  | nom thunder «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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