--- title: Mowgli heard an answering bellow from the foot of the ravine, saw Sh… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: Mowgli heard an answering bellow from the foot of the ravine, saw Shere Khan turn (the tiger knew if the worst came to the worst it was better to meet the bulls than the cows with their calves), and then Rama tripped, stumbled, and went on again over something soft, and, with the bulls at his heels, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/58/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/) / 58 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 58 Mowgli heard an answering bellow from the foot of the ravine, saw Shere Khan turn (the tiger knew if the worst came to the worst it was better to meet the bulls than the cows with their calves), and then Rama tripped, stumbled, and went on again over something soft, and, with the bulls at his heels, crashed full into the other herd, while the weaker buffaloes were lifted clean off their feet by the shock of the meeting. **Who acts:** Mowgli, tiger, worst, Rama, feet · **What happens:** hear, answer, see, know, come, be · **To what, where:** answering bellow, foot, Shere turn, bulls, something, weaker buffaloes This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli, tiger, worst, Rama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:9:58 # text = Mowgli heard an answering bellow from the foot of the ravine, saw Shere Khan turn (the tiger knew if the worst came to the worst it was better to meet the bulls than the cows with their calves), and then Rama tripped, stumbled, and went on again over something soft, and, with the bulls at his heels, crashed full into the other herd, while the weaker buffaloes were lifted clean off their feet by the shock of the meeting. 1 Mowgli Mowgli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 answering answer VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 bellow bellow NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 foot foot NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 ravine ravine NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 Shere Shere PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 15 Khan Khan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 flat _ _ 16 turn turn NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 17 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 tiger tiger NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 21 if if SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 worst bad ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 24 nsubj _ _ 24 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 ccomp _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 worst bad ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 30 obl _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 expl _ _ 29 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 parataxis _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 meet meet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 csubj _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 bulls bull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 35 than than ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 cows cow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 38 with with ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 calves calf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 46 advmod _ _ 45 Rama Rama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 46 tripped trip VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 stumbled stumble VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 46 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 51 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 52 on on ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 53 again again ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 54 over over ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 51 obl _ _ 56 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 57 , , PUNCT , _ 67 punct _ _ 58 and and CCONJ CC _ 67 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 59 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 60 with with ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 bulls bull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 67 obl _ _ 63 at at ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 64 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 65 nmod:poss _ _ 65 heels heel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 62 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 66 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 67 crashed crash VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 68 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 67 xcomp _ _ 69 into into ADP IN _ 72 case _ _ 70 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 72 det _ _ 71 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 72 amod _ _ 72 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 73 , , PUNCT , _ 79 punct _ _ 74 while while SCONJ IN _ 79 mark _ _ 75 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 77 det _ _ 76 weaker weak ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 77 amod _ _ 77 buffaloes buffalo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 79 nsubj:pass _ _ 78 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 79 aux:pass _ _ 79 lifted lift VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 67 conj _ _ 80 clean clean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 79 xcomp _ _ 81 off off ADP IN _ 83 case _ _ 82 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 83 nmod:poss _ _ 83 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 79 obl:agent _ _ 84 by by ADP IN _ 86 case _ _ 85 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 86 det _ _ 86 shock shock NOUN NN Number=Sing 79 obl _ _ 87 of of ADP IN _ 89 case _ _ 88 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 89 det _ _ 89 meeting meeting NOUN NN Number=Sing 86 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 90 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | past | Mowgli | a answering bellow | | the foot of the ravine | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent bellow=Topic from foot=Source | | 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | gerund | | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **see** | past | Mowgli *not said here* | Shere turn | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer turn=Stimulus | | 4 | **know** | past | the tiger | Shere turn *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | the worst | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is** | past | | | | | | to the worst; good *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **meet** | to-infinitive | | the bulls | | | | than the cows with cows's calves | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Co-Agent | | 8 | **trip** | past | Rama | | | | then | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **stumble** | participle | Rama *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **go on** | past | Mowgli *not said here* | | | something | again | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over something=Location | | 11 | **crash** | past | | | | | | with the bulls at Rama's heels; full *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with bull=Theme | | 12 | **lift** | past · passive | buffaloes's feet | the weaker buffaloes | | | | by the shock of the meeting; clean *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme by shock=Destination | | 13 | **shock** | | | the meeting | | | | | nom shock «feeling transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 57](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/57/) - next →: [sentence 59](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/59/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/)