---
title: Most native hunters always singe a tiger’s whiskers to prevent his g… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Most native hunters always singe a tiger’s whiskers to prevent his ghost from haunting them. Who acts: Most native hunters, Khanhiwara. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 87

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Most native hunters always singe a tiger’s whiskers to prevent his ghost from haunting them.

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**Who acts:** Most native hunters, Khanhiwara · **What happens:** singe, prevent, haunt, ghost · **To what, where:** whiskers, ghost

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most native hunters, Khanhiwara), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:9:87
# text = Most native hunters always singe a tiger’s whiskers to prevent his ghost from haunting them.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
2	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	singe	singe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’s	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	whiskers	whisker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	haunting	haunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **singe** | present | Most native hunters | a tiger's whiskers |  |  |  | always *property* | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent whisker=Patient |
| 2 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | Most native hunters *not said here* | Khanhiwara's ghost |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer ghost=Theme |
| 3 | **haunt** | gerund | Most native hunters *not said here* | whiskers *= whisker* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 4 | **ghost** |  | Khanhiwara |  |  |  |  |  | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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