---
title: Almost with his last breath he sent the crown to be tinned--and he n… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: Almost with his last breath he sent the crown to be tinned--and he never lived to pay the tinsmith's bill." Who acts: death, tinsmith. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 1, sentence 105

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Almost with his last breath he sent the crown to be tinned--and he never lived to pay the tinsmith's bill."

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**Who acts:** death, tinsmith · **What happens:** send, tin, not live, pay, bill · **To what, where:** crown, bill

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (death, tinsmith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:1:105
# text = Almost with his last breath he sent the crown to be tinned--and he never lived to pay the tinsmith's bill."
1	Almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	tinned	tin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	tinsmith	tinsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | death | the crown |  |  |  | with death's last breath; almost *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crown=Theme |
| 2 | **tin** | to-infinitive · passive | death *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme» |
| 3 | **not** **live** | past | death |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pay** | to-infinitive | death *not said here* | the tinsmith's bill |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bill=Asset |
| 5 | **bill** |  | the tinsmith |  |  |  |  |  | nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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